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ARIA。",{"id":353,"title":354,"abbreviations":355,"aliases":356,"articleType":359,"body":360,"contentId":342,"currency":621,"description":351,"discussionUrl":622,"domains":623,"evidenceStatus":624,"extension":625,"indexable":626,"locale":627,"meta":628,"navigation":626,"originalSources":629,"path":266,"platform":622,"primaryTopic":622,"relatedIds":630,"relatedTopics":639,"seo":640,"seoImage":622,"seoTitle":622,"slug":343,"sources":641,"status":642,"stem":643,"supersededBy":622,"tags":644,"term":344,"themeSources":648,"updatedAt":649,"verification":650,"verifiedAt":649,"__hash__":651},"zh_articles\u002Fterms\u002Faccessible-rich-internet-applications.md","ARIA：角色、状态与属性，及其与 APG 和原生元素的关系",[346,347],[357,347,358],"无障碍富互联网应用","ARIA 属性","concept",{"type":361,"value":362,"toc":612},"minimark",[363,371,375,442,445,448,451,492,495,499,535,538,564,567],[364,365,366,367,370],"p",{},"ARIA 是 ",[368,369,344],"strong",{}," 的缩写，规范名为 WAI-ARIA。W3C 的 WAI-ARIA 1.2 是 2023 年 6 月 6 日发布的 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的指导材料",[400,440,441],{},"提供常见控件模式的示例、基础实践与深入指导",[364,443,444],{},"APG 教开发者为常见模式与控件构建无障碍语义，例如 Tabs、Dialog、Alert。APG 自己声明：生产使用其代码前，必须测试辅助技术的互操作性；示例不包含用于绕过 ARIA 1.2 支持缺口的写法；部分 ARIA 特性在任何移动浏览器中都不受支持。这些声明表明 APG 是模式参考，不是“照抄即合规”的保证。",[372,446,447],{"id":447},"四条使用规则",[364,449,450],{},"Using ARIA 页的四条规则，含义如下：",[452,453,454,465,471,477],"ol",{},[455,456,457,460,461,464],"li",{},[368,458,459],{},"第一条","：如果已有带所需语义与行为的原生 HTML 元素或属性，就使用它，而不是改造一个元素再添加 ARIA 角色、状态或属性。也就是“能用原生元素就不用 ARIA”。这里的前提是原生元素",[368,462,463],{},"已经内置","你需要的语义与行为；没有原生等价物（例如 tablist 这类复合控件）时才需要 ARIA。",[455,466,467,470],{},[368,468,469],{},"第二条","：除非确实必要，不要改变原生语义。",[455,472,473,476],{},[368,474,475],{},"第三条","：所有可交互的 ARIA 控件都必须能用键盘操作。",[455,478,479,482,483,487,488,491],{},[368,480,481],{},"第四条","：不要在可获得焦点的元素上使用 ",[484,485,486],"code",{},"role=\"presentation\""," 或 ",[484,489,490],{},"aria-hidden=\"true\"","。",[364,493,494],{},"APG 的 Read Me First 页解释了原因：ARIA 角色不会让浏览器提供键盘行为或样式，而原生的 HTML 输入元素会；写了 ARIA 却没有补齐行为，就会误导辅助技术用户。页面还说，错误的 ARIA 会歪曲视觉体验，可能对对应的非视觉体验造成严重影响。",[372,496,498],{"id":497},"与-wcag-的关系","与 WCAG 的关系",[364,500,501,502,507,508,512,513,512,517,512,521,525,526,530,531,491],{},"ARIA 是实现手段，WCAG 是验收标准，两者不互相替代。例如 WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value 要求组件的名称与角色可被程序读取，4.1.3 Status Messages 要求状态消息可通过角色或属性呈现，ARIA 是达到它们的一种方式，但先用原生元素可以更简单地满足前者。级别与读法见 ",[503,504,506],"a",{"href":505},"\u002Fzh\u002Fterms\u002Fweb-content-accessibility-guidelines","WCAG","。各展现形式的键盘与角色要求见 ",[503,509,511],{"href":510},"\u002Fzh\u002Fpresentation\u002Ftabs","Tabs","、",[503,514,516],{"href":515},"\u002Fzh\u002Fpresentation\u002Fmodal","Modal",[503,518,520],{"href":519},"\u002Fzh\u002Fpresentation\u002Faccordion","Accordion",[503,522,524],{"href":523},"\u002Fzh\u002Fpresentation\u002Ftoast","Toast"," 与 ",[503,527,529],{"href":528},"\u002Fzh\u002Fpresentation\u002Fcarousel","Carousel","，综述见 ",[503,532,534],{"href":533},"\u002Fzh\u002Fpresentation\u002Fpatterns","展现模式选择地图",[372,536,537],{"id":537},"常见误用",[539,540,541,552,555,561],"ul",{},[455,542,543,544,547,548,551],{},"在 ",[484,545,546],{},"div"," 上叠 ",[484,549,550],{},"role=\"button\""," 却不处理焦点与 Enter、Space 键；",[455,553,554],{},"在原生元素上重复其隐含角色，ARIA in HTML 明确不建议这样写；",[455,556,557,558,560],{},"给可聚焦元素加 ",[484,559,490],{},"，使焦点落在读屏器读不到的位置；",[455,562,563],{},"依据示例代码就认为已通过测试，忽略浏览器与辅助技术的支持差异。",[372,565,566],{"id":566},"参考资料",[539,568,569,577,584,591,598,605],{},[455,570,571],{},[503,572,576],{"href":573,"rel":574},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002FWAI\u002Fstandards-guidelines\u002Faria\u002F",[575],"nofollow","W3C WAI：WAI-ARIA Overview",[455,578,579],{},[503,580,583],{"href":581,"rel":582},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002FTR\u002Fwai-aria-1.2\u002F",[575],"W3C：Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.2",[455,585,586],{},[503,587,590],{"href":588,"rel":589},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002FTR\u002Fusing-aria\u002F",[575],"W3C：Using ARIA",[455,592,593],{},[503,594,597],{"href":595,"rel":596},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002FTR\u002Fhtml-aria\u002F",[575],"W3C：ARIA in HTML",[455,599,600],{},[503,601,604],{"href":602,"rel":603},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002FWAI\u002FARIA\u002Fapg\u002F",[575],"W3C WAI：ARIA Authoring Practices Guide",[455,606,607],{},[503,608,611],{"href":609,"rel":610},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002FWAI\u002FARIA\u002Fapg\u002Fpractices\u002Fread-me-first\u002F",[575],"W3C WAI：APG Read Me First",{"title":613,"searchDepth":614,"depth":614,"links":615},"",2,[616,617,618,619,620],{"id":374,"depth":614,"text":374},{"id":447,"depth":614,"text":447},{"id":497,"depth":614,"text":498},{"id":537,"depth":614,"text":537},{"id":566,"depth":614,"text":566},"current",null,[349,350],"verified","md",true,"zh",{},[],[631,632,633,634,635,636,637,638],"term-web-content-accessibility-guidelines","presentation-patterns","presentation-tabs","presentation-modal","presentation-accordion","presentation-toast","presentation-carousel","commerce-accessibility-compliance-baseline",[],{"title":354,"description":351},[573,581,588,595,602,609],"published","terms\u002Faccessible-rich-internet-applications",[346,347,645,646,647],"APG","无障碍","原生 HTML",[],"2026-09-29","WAI-ARIA 1.2 的性质与状态、APG 的构成与免责声明、Using ARIA 的四条规则原文含义、ARIA in HTML 的立场均已读对应 W3C 页面核验。Using ARIA 页在读取时标注为 W3C Discontinued Draft（2026-02-24），引用其规则时须留意其草案状态；WAI-ARIA 1.3 仅见于 WAI 页的草案说明，未读规范正文；未测试任何辅助技术的实际支持。","gt4g-iRmeozT7g7F-Xue1IlcxFoB-YqhsYS7voZ_Z7U",[653,655,657,659,661,663],{"contentId":631,"title":654,"path":301},"WCAG：网页内容无障碍指南的版本、级别与成功标准读法",{"contentId":632,"title":656,"path":102},"电商展现模式：选择地图与阅读入口",{"contentId":633,"title":658,"path":114},"Tabs：同层互斥视图的切换模式",{"contentId":634,"title":660,"path":98},"Modal：中断当前流程的模态对话框",{"contentId":635,"title":662,"path":79},"Accordion：按需展开的分组内容",{"contentId":636,"title":664,"path":116},"Toast：瞬时反馈与状态提示",1791510310369]